How much tax do I pay in Australia?

For the 2020-2021 tax year, the first $18,200 you earn is tax-free. You'll then pay 19% on earnings between $18,201 and $45,000, 32.5% on earnings between $45,001 and $120,000, and 37% on earnings between $120,001 and $180,000. Anything you earn above $180,001 is taxed at 45%.
The standard deduction for 2022 (which will be useful when you file in 2023) will increase to $12,950 for single filers and $25,900 for married couples filing jointly. The income tax brackets will also increase in 2022. The Federal Budget on 29 March 2022 did not result in any changes to tax rates or income thresholds for the 2022-23 income year.